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Java第三次作业——面向对象基础(封装)
阅读量:5254 次
发布时间:2019-06-14

本文共 11952 字,大约阅读时间需要 39 分钟。

Java第三次作业——面向对象基础(封装)

(一)学习总结

1.什么是面向对象的封装性,Java中是如何实现封装性的?试举例说明。

封装性就是指对外部不可见,用对象直接访问类中的属性,在面向对象法则中是不允许的。

属性封装:private 属性类型 属性名称;

方法封装:private 方法返回值 方法名称(参数列表){}

举例:

class Days{private int nian;private int yue;private int ri;public Days(){    }public Days(int nian,int yue,int ri){    this.nian=nian;    this.yue=yue;    this.ri=ri;}public String toString(){    return this.nian+"-"+this.yue+"-"+this.ri;}public int getNian(){    return nian;}public void setNian(int nian){    this.nian=nian;}public int getYue(){    return yue;}public void setYue(int yue){    this.yue=yue;}public int getRi(){    return ri;}public void setRi(int ri){    this.ri=ri;}}public class Test { public static void main(String args[]){      Days tian=new Days(1997,10,30);System.out.println("时间:"+tian.toString());      }}

2.阅读下面程序,分析是否能编译通过?如果不能,说明原因。

(1)

class A{private int secret = 5;}public class Test{public static void main(String args[]){    A a = new A();    System.out.println(a.secret++);}}

不能编译通过,A.secret不可视,应修改为:

class A{private int secret = 5;public int getSecret() {    return secret;}public void setSecret(int secret) {    this.secret = secret;}}public class Test{public static void main(String args[]){    A a = new A();    System.out.println(a.getSecret());}}

(2)

public class Test{int x = 50;static int y = 200;public static void method(){    System.out.println(x+y);}public static void main(String args[]){    Test.method();}}

不能编译通过,不能对非静态字段 x 进行静态引用,应修改为:

public class Test{static int x = 50;static int y = 200;public static void method(){    System.out.println(x+y);}public static void main(String args[]){    Test.method();}}

3 . 使用类的静态变量和构造方法,可以跟踪某个类创建的对象个数。声明一个图书类,数据成员为编号,书名,书价,并拥有静态数据成员册数记录图书的总数。图书编号从1000开始,每产生一个对象,则编号自动递增(利用静态变量和构造方法实现)。下面给出了测试类代码和Book类的部分代码,将代码补充完整。

class Book{
int bookId;
String bookName;
double price;
private static int sum;
private static int zui;
static{
sum=0;
zui=1000;
}
public Book(){

}public Book(String bookName,double price){    this.bookName=bookName;    this.price=price;     bookId=zui;     inHE();     inU();}public int getBookId() {    return bookId;}public void setBookId(int bookId) {    this.bookId = bookId;} public String getBookName() {    return bookName;}public void setBookName(String bookName) {    this.bookName = bookName;}public double getPrice() {    return price;}public void setPrice(double price) {    this.price = price;} static void inU(){    sum++;}static void inHE(){    zui++;}public static int totalBook(){    return zui-1000;}public String toString(){    return "书号"+this.getBookId()+"书名"+this.getBookName()+"价格"+this.getPrice();}} public class Test{public static void main(String args[]){     Book[] books = {new Book("c语言程序设计",29.3),                    new Book("数据库原理",30),                    new Book("Java学习笔记",68)};    System.out.println("图书总数为:"+ Book.totalBook());     for(Book book:books){        System.out.println(book.toString());    }       }   }

4.什么是单例设计模式?它具有什么特点?用单例设计模式设计一个太阳类Sun。

单例模式确保一个类只有一个实例,自行提供这个实例并向整个系统提供这个实例。

优点:

1,一个类只能有一个实例

2,自己创建这个实例

3,整个系统都要使用这个实例

5.理解Java参数传递机制,阅读下面的程序,运行结果是什么?说明理由。

public class Test {String str = new String("你好  ");char[] ch = { 'w','o','l','l','d' };public static void main(String args[]) {    Test test = new Test();    test.change(test.str, test.ch);    System.out.print(test.str);    System.out.print(test.ch);}public void change(String str, char ch[]) {    str = "hello";    ch[0] = 'W';}}

运行结果为:你好 Wolld

按地址传递 并将地址为0的字母大写,java只支持参数传值的机制, 即方法得到的是所有参数值的一个副本,方法不能修改传递给它的任何参数变量的内容。change调用的是str的副本,不能改变str的内容。

6.其他需要总结的内容。

(二)实验总结

1.按照下列要求完成类的设计

(1)设计一个日期类,用于记录年、月、日,提供对日期处理的常用方法(日期输出格式xxxx-xx-xx)。

(2)设计一个职工类,该职工类至少具有下面的属性:职工号,姓名,性别,生日,工作部门,参加工作时间,设计相应的方法。

(3)设计一个部门类,包括下列属性:部门编号,部门名称,经理,设计相应方法。

(4)设计一个测试类,采用对象数组模拟一个拥有两个部门,10个职工的单位,实现对相关信息的查询功能。

程序

package 部门员工;class Days{private int nian;private int yue;private int ri;public Days(){    }public Days(int nian,int yue,int ri){    this.nian=nian;    this.yue=yue;    this.ri=ri;}public String toString(){    return this.nian+"-"+this.yue+"-"+this.ri;}public int getNian(){    return nian;}public void setNian(int nian){    this.nian=nian;}public int getYue(){    return yue;}public void setYue(int yue){    this.yue=yue;}public int getRi(){    return ri;}public void setRi(int ri){    this.ri=ri;}}class Zhi{private String num;private String ming;private String sex;private Days datatime;private int time;private Bumen gongzuo;public Zhi(){    }public Zhi(String num,String ming,String sex,Days datatime,int time,Bumen gongzuo){    this.num=num;    this.ming=ming;    this.setSex(sex);    this.setTime(time);    this.datatime=datatime;    this.gongzuo=gongzuo;}public String getNum(){    return num;}public void setNum(String num){    this.num=num;}public String getMing(){    return ming;}public void setMing(String ming){    this.ming=ming;}public String getSex(){    return sex;}public void setSex(String sex){    this.sex=sex;}public Days getDatatime(){    return datatime;}public void setDatatime(Days datatime){    this.datatime=datatime;}public Bumen getGongzuo(){    return gongzuo;}public void setGongzuo(Bumen gongzuo){    this.gongzuo=gongzuo;}public int getTime(){    return time;}public void setTime(int time){    this.time=time;}public String toString(){    return "员工编号:"+this.getNum()+"         姓名:"+this.getMing()            +"           性别:"+this.getSex()+"          参加工作时间:"+this.getTime() +"          生日:"+this.datatime+"           所在部门:"+this.gongzuo.getCheng()          ;}}class Bumen{private String ber;private String cheng;private Zhi jingli;public Bumen(){    }public Bumen(String ber,String cheng){    this.ber=ber;    this.cheng=cheng;    }public String getBer(){    return ber;}public void setBer(String ber){    this.ber=ber;}public String getCheng(){    return cheng;}public void setCheng(String cheng){    this.cheng=cheng;}public Zhi getJingli(){    return jingli;}public void setJingli(Zhi jingli){    this.jingli=jingli;}}public class Test {public static void main(String args[]){          Bumen lai1=new Bumen("01","校外部");      Bumen lai2=new Bumen("02","办公室");                 Zhi ren[] = new Zhi[10];      ren[0]=new Zhi("001","和乔伊","女",new Days(1997,10,30),2015,lai1);      ren[1]=new Zhi("002","赵绿","男",new Days(1995,03,29),2013,lai1);      ren[2]=new Zhi("003","赵黑","男",new Days(1992,05,30),2015,lai2);      ren[3]=new Zhi("004","任秀兴","男",new Days(2000,07,12),2011,lai2);      ren[4]=new Zhi("005","张莹光","女",new Days(1996,02,26),2012,lai1);      ren[5]=new Zhi("006","焦梦浩","男",new Days(1997,03,30),2014,lai2);      ren[6]=new Zhi("007","陈树仁","女",new Days(1998,03,30),2009,lai1);      ren[7]=new Zhi("008","刘玉","女",new Days(1992,05,02),2007,lai2);      ren[8]=new Zhi("009","程菲菲","女",new Days(1993,03,16),2003,lai1);      ren[9]=new Zhi("010","范一厚","男",new Days(1994,03,25),2011,lai2);           lai1.setJingli(ren[0]);      lai2.setJingli(ren[3]);         for(int i=0;i<10;i++){          System.out.println(ren[i].toString()+"        经理 ;"+ren[i].getGongzuo().getJingli().getMing());    }}}

程序设计思路:构造日期类,职工类,部门类,相互交叉使用。

问题:测试类写的繁琐

原因:没有真正理解构造类

解决方案:认真翻阅课本,查阅资料

2.设计一个计算工具类,要求:

(1)为用户提供几个常见的几何体面积和体积的算法(如球的体积和表面积,圆柱体的体积和表面积,圆锥体的体积和表面积)(可以学习使用static关键字)

(2)设计一个测试类,给出几个不同的圆柱体,圆锥体,球体的尺寸,用计算工具类分别求它们体积的累加和与表面积的累加和。

(3)设计一个测试类,随机产生球,圆柱、圆锥体的尺寸,模拟考试,要求用户回答它们的体积和面积,并判断用户的回答是否正确

程序

class Yuanzhu{private double a;private double b;private double v;private double s;public Yuanzhu(){    }public Yuanzhu(double a,double b){    this.a=a;    this.b=b;    this.v=3.14*a*a*b;    this.s=3.14*a*a*2+a*2*3.14*b;}public String toString(){    return    "半径"+this.a+"       高"+this.b+"       体积"+this.v+"        表面积"+this.s;}public double getA(){    return a;}public void setA(double a){    this.a=a;}public double getB(){    return b;}public void setB(double b){    this.b=b;}public double getV(){    return v;}public void setV(double v){    this.v=3.14*a*a*b;}public double getS(){    return s;}public void setS(double s){    this.s=3.14*a*a*2+a*2*3.14*b;}}class Qiu{private double c;private double v;private double s;public Qiu(){    }public Qiu(double c){    this.c=c;    this.v=3.14*c*c*c*4/3;    this.s=3.14*4*c*c;}public String toString(){    return    "半径"+this.c+"       体积"+this.v+"        表面积"+this.s;}public double getC(){    return c;}public void setC(double c){    this.c=c;}public double getV(){    return v;}public void setV(double v){    this.v=3.14*c*c*c*4/3;}public double getS(){    return s;}public void setS(double s){    this.s=3.14*4*c*c;}}class Yuanzhui{private double m;private double n;private double r;private double l;private double h;private double v;private double s;public Yuanzhui(){    }public Yuanzhui(double n,double m,double r){    this.n=n;    this.m=m;    this.r=r;    this.l=(m*m)-(r*r);    this.h=java.lang.Math.sqrt(l);    this.s=(n/360)*m*m*3.14+3.14*r*r;    this.v=3.14*r*r*h*1/3;}public String toString(){    return    "底面半径"+this.r+"       母线"+this.m+"       角度"+this.n+"       体积"+this.v+"        表面积"+this.s;}public double getN(){    return n;}public void setN(double n){    this.n=n;}public double getM(){    return m;}public void setM(double m){    this.m=m;}public double getR(){    return r;}public void setR(double r){    this.r=r;}public double getL(){    return l;}public void setL(double l){    this.l=l;}public double getH(){    return h;}public void setH(double h){    this.h=h;}public double getV(){    return v;}public void setV(double v){    this.v=1/3*3.14*r*r*h;}public double getS(){    return s;}public void setS(double s){    this.s=(n/360)*m*m*3.14+3.14*r*r;}}public class Test { public static void main(String args[]){     Yuanzhu p1=new Yuanzhu(1,2);     Yuanzhu p2=new Yuanzhu(3,2);     System.out.println(p1.toString());          Qiu q=new Qiu(3);     System.out.println(q.toString());          Yuanzhui o=new Yuanzhui(60,5,3);     System.out.println(o.toString());               double f=0;     f=p1.getV()+p2.getV();     System.out.println("体积之和为:"+f);          double w=0;     w=p1.getV()+q.getV()+o.getV();     System.out.println("体积之和为:"+w);               double u=0;     u=p1.getS()+q.getS()+o.getS();     System.out.println("表面积之和为:"+u); }}import java.util.Random;import java.util.Scanner;public class Test2 {public static void main(String args[]){    int a,b,c;    Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);    Random rand = new Random();    a=rand.nextInt(10);    b=rand.nextInt(10);    c=rand.nextInt(360);            Yuanzhu p=new Yuanzhu(a,b);    System.out.println("圆柱半径:"+a+"       高:"+b);    System.out.println("请求出表面积:");    int num1 = input.nextInt();    if(num1==p.getS()){        System.out.println("回答正确!");    }else{        System.out.println("回答错误!");    }    System.out.println("请求体积:");    int  num2= input.nextInt();    if(num2==p.getV()){        System.out.println("回答正确!");    }else{        System.out.println("回答错误!");    }             Qiu q=new Qiu(a);     System.out.println("球半径:"+a);     System.out.println("请求出表面积:");     int num3 = input.nextInt();        if(num3==q.getS()){            System.out.println("回答正确!");        }else{            System.out.println("回答错误!");        }     System.out.println("请求体积:");        int  num4= input.nextInt();        if(num4==q.getV()){            System.out.println("回答正确!");        }else{            System.out.println("回答错误!");        }                        Yuanzhui o=new Yuanzhui(c,a,b);        System.out.println("底面半径"+a+"       母线"+b+"       角度"+c);         System.out.println("请求出表面积:");         int num5 = input.nextInt();            if(num5==o.getS()){                System.out.println("回答正确!");            }else{                System.out.println("回答错误!");            }         System.out.println("请求体积:");            int  num6= input.nextInt();            if(num6==o.getV()){                System.out.println("回答正确!");            }else{                System.out.println("回答错误!");            }}}

程序设计思路:构造圆柱类,球类和圆锥类,在测试类里利用了随机数函数和输入函数,进行计算数值。

(三)代码托管

D575H65o3

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/renxiuxing/p/6675864.html

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